Chapter Report Unit 4 :: Media and Materials
Manipulatives
Real objects may be used as is, or you may modify them to enhance instruction. Example of modification include the following:
- Cutaway: Device such as machines with one side cut away to allow close observation of the inner workings.
- Specimens: Actual plants, animals, or parts thereof preserved for convenient inspection.
- Exhibits: Collections of artefacts, often of a scientific or historical nature, brought together with printed information to illustrate a point.
Models are three-dimensional representations of real objects. A model may be larger, smaller, or the same size as the object it represents. It may be complete in detail or simplified for instructional purposes. Indeed, models can provide leaming experiences that real things cannot provide. For example, important details can be accented with colour Some models can be disassembled to provide interior views not possible with the real thing.
Models and real objects are the recommended media when realism is essential for learning. They provide concepts that involve three dimensions; tasks that require. identification by size, shape, or colour; and hands-on or laboratory practice.
Field Trips
The field trip, an excursion outside the classroom to study real processes, people, and objects, often grows out of students' need for firsthand experiences. It makes it possible for students to encounter phenomena that cannot be brought into the classroom for observation and study. Examples of field trips include a trip of a few minutes into the schoolyard to observe a creek, a trek across the street to see construction work, or a longer trip of several days to tour historical locations. Popular field trip sites include zoos, museums, public buildings, and parks.
Virtual field trips are an extension" of actual field trips. Often the expense or the time to travel to a particular interesting location is not possible. But, with the World Wide Web, children may experience the sights. and sounds of a faraway location from their home or school. For example, if you are studying in Paris, France, it would be nearly impossible for the whole class to go there. However, with a few simple dicks of a Mouse, the whole class can see and hear the sights of the city. Although it is not exactly the same as being there, it certainly makes it possible to learn about a location with some authenticity to the experience.
Printed Materials
Printed materials include textbooks, fiction and non-fiction books, booklets, pamphlets, study guides, manuals, and worksheets, 33 well as word-processed, documents prepared by students and teachers, Textbooks have long been the foundation of classroom instruction. The other forms of media discussed in this: the book is frequently used in conjunction with and as supplements to printed materials.
Advantages:
- Availability
- Flexibility
- Portability
- User friendly
- Economical.
- Reading level
- Prior knowledge
- Memorization
- Vocabulary
- One way presentation
- Curriculum determination
- Cursory appraisal.
Free and Inexpensive Materials
The types of free and inexpensive materials arc almost endless. The more commonly available items Include posters, games, pamphlets, brochures, reports, charts, maps, books, audiotapes, videotapes, multimedia kits, and real objects. The more costly items, such as videotapes, are usually sent only on a free-loan basis and must be returned to the supplier after use. In some instances, single copies of audiocassettes, computer software, and videocassettes will be donated to your organization or school media centre to be shared among many users.
Free and inexpensive materials include all the types of media discussed in this book-visuals, real objects, models, overhead transparencies, slides, filmstrips, audiotapes, CDs, videotapes, photographs, and even computer programs (called shareware or firmware, The applications of this variety of materials are described in detail in the chapters of this book related to specific types of media.
Advantages:
- Up to date
- In-depth treatment
- Variety of uses
- Student manipulation.
Limitations:
- Bias or advertising
- Special interest
- Limited quantities.
Display Surfaces
Classroom surfaces commonly used for the display of visuals include chalkboards, multipurpose boards, copy boards, pegboards, bulletin boards, cloth boards, and magnetic boards.
1. chalkboard
2. Multipurpose board
4. Pegboards
5. Bulletin boards
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